Fluid transmission



SeptrIO, 1946.. J. JANDASIEK FLUID TRANSMISSION Filed June 28, 1945 2Sheets-Sheet 1' Sept. 10,1946.

'J. JANDASEK FLUID TRANSMISSION Filed June 28, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 E46 K 4 I I INVENTOR. I JZJe/Z Ill Patented Sept. 10, 1946 FLUIDTRANSMISSION Joseph Jandasek, Highland Park, Mich., assignor to BendixAviation Corporation, South Bend, Ind., a corporation of DelawareApplication June 28, 1943, Serial No. 492,537

7 Claims. 1

This invention relates to transmissions and more particularly to fluidtransmissions wherein circulation of the power transmitting fluid iseffective to cool the fluid.

Heretofore in the fluid transmission art considerable difliculty hasbeen encountered because of excessive heating of the power transmittingfluid. Radiators and other external cooling means have been provided inan effort to maintain the fluid at a desired temperature; These attemptshave fora large part been unsatisfactory because of complicationsresulting from the positioning of the necessary cooling means, and thefact that considerable loss of efficiency results from directing thepower transmitting fluid through the radiator or other cooling medium.

An object of this invention is therefore to provide a fluid transmissionwherein circulation of the power'transmitting fluid is effective tosubject the fluid to cooling action under conditions whereby minimumloss of efficiency is encountered.

A further object of the invention resides in the provision of a fluidtransmission having spaced cooling chambers so positioned thatcirculation of the power transmitting fluidinduces it to flow throughthe cooling chambers.

Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid transmissionhaving rotatable impeller or turbine members provided with externalcooling chambers to receive a portion of the fluid as it circulates tosubject the fluid to a cooling action. Another object is to provide afluid transmission having rotatable impeller or turbine mem-" bers madeof light weight. corrugated members connected to fluid deflecting vanesto provide a light but strong fluid energizing or'energy absorbingmember wherein circulation of the power transmitting fluid induces aflow of fluid through the spaces provided by the corrugated members tosubject the fluid to acooling action.

Still a further object of the invention resides in the provision ofcooling chamber for relatively movable members whereby circulation ,ofthe power transmitting fluid induces a flow of fluid through the coolingchambers.

Still a further object is to provide means associated with a fluidtransmission housing whereby a portion of the power transmitting fluidmaybe progressively passed through a heat radiating chamber associatedwith'the housing.

Still another object resides in the provision of a transmission housinghaving heat radiating projections adapted to receive spaced vanespositioned to lie adjacent the inner wall of the housing tosubstantially close the space between th heat radiating chamber and theinterior of the housing to provide a cooling space between a smoothsurface on the inside and a corrugated cooling surface on the outside.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from thefollowing detailed description considered in connection with theaccompanying drawings, submitted for purposes of illustration only, andnot intended to define the scope of the invention, reference being hadfor that purpose to the subjoined claims.

In the drawings wherein similar reference characters refer to similarparts throughout the several views: 1

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional View of a fluid transmissionembodying the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional View taken substantially on the line 2--2 of Fig.1 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2looking in the direction of the arrows. i

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2 showing a modified form of theinvention.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 4 showing a still furthermodified form of the invention,

Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 'l--! of Fig.6 looking in the direction of the arrows.

fig. 8 is a' sectional view showing a still further modified form ofcooling arrangement.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional View showing the application of thecooling feature to a turbine runner.

Before explaining in detail the present invention it is to beunderstoodthat the invention is not limited in its application to the details ofconstruction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and ofbeing practiced or carried out in various ways. Also it is to beunderstood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is forthe purpose of description andnot of limitation.

Referring now to Fig. 1, it will be observed that a driving shaft H! hassecured thereto a housing I2 having thereon a starter ring gear I4 and aflange H5. The flange I6 is adapted to receive a radially extended coverplate I8 having a flange 20 adapted to be detachably connected to thflange I6 by suitable bolts 22.

The radially extended portion of the housing I2 is provided with aplurality of preferably circumferentially extended corrugations 24whereby liquid cooling chambers 26 may be formed between'thecorrugations 24 and radially extended flanges 28 carried by impellerblades 39 providing an impeller channel. A plurality of spaced apertures29 in the flanges 28 may be provided to admit circulating liquid intothe cooling chambers 26.

A driven shaft 32 coaxially aligned with the driving shaft Ill hasthereon a turbine hub 34 secured against relative rotation by splines36. The turbine hub 34 carries a turbine web 33 which supports a turbineshroud 43 through suitable second 'stage turbine vanes 4.2. The turbineshroud 43 is provided with first stage turbine vane 44 aligned with theimpeller channel defined by the impeller blades 3!).

Interposed between the first stage turbine vanes 44 and the second stageturbin vanes 42 is an axially movable guide wheel member 45 carried by aguide wheel web 43 suitably mounted on a guide wheel hub 58 havinginternal helical threads 52 cooperating with external helical threads 54carried by a sleeve 56.

One-way brake means 58 may be interposed between the sleeve 56 and astationary member 60 to prevent backward rotation of the guide wheel 46on the sleeve 56 when the device is operating as a torque converter atwhich time the channel 62 is positioned in the power transmitting fluidcircuit between the first stage turbine 44 and the second stage turbine42.

One-way driving means 66 interposed between the sleeve 56 and an axiallyextended flange 68 carried by the turbine hub 34 may be provided toprevent the guide wheel 46 from rotating freely in the forward directionin the power transmitting fluid circuit when the guide wheel 45 isshifted axially to position a channel 18 in the power transmitting fluidcircuit between the first stage turbine 44 and the second stage turbine42. In this position the circulating fluid impinges upon the vanes inchannel 19 thereby transferring energy through the web 48, guide wheelhub 50, sleeve 56, one-way driving means 55, flange 68, to the drivenshaft 32.

Referring now to Figs. 2 and 3 it will be observed that the flanges 28of the impeller blades 30 are contoured as illustrated in Fig. l to provide the desired inner surface of the power transmitting fluid circuit.It will be noted that a plurality of spaced cooling chambers 26 areformed by the concentric corrugations 24 of the housing.

Each cooling chamber 2 3' is provided with spaced inlet and outletopenings 29A and iii-B respectively whereby a portion of the powertransmitting fluid flowing radially outwardly in the'direction of thearrow 3| flows into successive cooling chambers 26 through the inletopenings 29-A and is again introduced into the power transmitting fluidcircuit through the outlet openings 29-13.

In the operation of this device a portion of the fluid is constantlyintroduced into and expelled from the cooling chambers 26, and thecooled fluid is re-introduced into the fluid circuit to mix with theuncooled fluid and prevent the temperature of the power transmittingfluid from rising y d a desired temperature. The external surface of theimpeller housing being corruated provides a large surface area incontact with the atmosphere whereupon rapid dissipation of heat may beeffected.

It will be apparent that if desired, cooling fins may be applied to thecorrugations 24 or to the surface of the impeller housing to increasethe heat dissipating characteristics of the device. The cooling chambers26 need not be concentrically formed, but may be of any desiredconfiguration or shape.

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 is similarin many respects to that illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3. It will be notedthat the flanges 28 of the impeller vanes 33 are shortened to provide aspace 33 between successive impeller vanes whereupon power transmittingfluid may readily flow into the cooling chambers 25. If desired.auxiliary fluid outlet passages through the flanges 28 may be providedto increase the outlet area above the inlet area to insure more rapidand positive dissipation of the power transmitting fluid from thecooling chambers under the influence of centrifugal force and suctionexerted by the fluid flowing radially in the power transmitting fluidcircuit over the flanges 28 of the impeller vanes.

The embodiment illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7 is generally similar to thatdiscussed in connection with Figs. 4 and 5. It will be noted thatauxiliary inlet and outlet passages 3! and 39 are provided to permit amore rapid introduction of the power transmitting fluid into the coolingchambers 26 and to expel it more rapidly therefrom.

In connection with the embodiments of Figs. 4 to '7 it will be notedthat the flanges 2B of the impeller blades 30 need not accurately alignwith each other since a free space is provided between successivelyspaced blades. Greater manufacturing tolerances are thus insuredwhereupon the device may be manufactured more easily.

In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 8 it will be noted that thehousing I2 is provided with corrugations of varying degree wherebycooling chambers 3'! extending over considerably greater F radial lengthare provided to permit the fluid to flow a greater radial distance as itpasses through the cooling chambers. These corrugations may take anydesired form and any suitable inlet and outlet means may be provided toassure the desired flow of fluid through the cooling chambers in anefficient manner to provide the desired degree of cooling with minimumfluid turbulence.

Fig. 9 illustrates the application of the cooling feature to the firstsection turbine member 44.

. It will be noted that the housing I2 is provided with corrugations 4|to provide a cooling chamber 43 between a turbine shroud and the casingl2 whereby a portion of the power transmitting fluid may flow throughthe corrugations 43 and be returned to the power transmitting fluidcircuit at any desired point such for example as adjacent the guidewheel channel 46.

This type of construction may be employed in any location where a fluidenergizing or energy absorbing member rotates at a different speed thana juxtaposed member. It will be apparent that cooling fins 41 may beprovided to accelerate the dissipation of heat from the relativelymovable members.

This is a continuation in part of my copending application, Serial No.387,462, filed April 8, 1941, now Patent Number 2,363,731, issuedNovember 28, 1944.

I claim:

1. In a fluid transmission, a corrugated housing,

a power transmitting fluid circuit in the housing andfluid deflectingblades in the circuit having flanges defining in conjunction with thecorrugated housing multiple cooling chambers communicating with thefluid circuit.

2. A fluid transmission comprising a corrugated housing, fluiddeflecting blades carried thereby 'and defining therebetween coolingchambers.

3. In a fluid transmission, a. housing, a power transmitting fluidcircuit therein, a plurality of blades in the fluid circuit, said bladesdefining in conjunction with the housing multiple cooling chamberscommunicating with the power transmitting fluid circuit.

4. In a fluid transmission, a housing, av power transmitting fluidcircuit in the housing, fluid energizing blades in the circuit havingflanges defining in conjunction with the housing multiple fluid, coolingchambers, the blade flanges being spaced apart to providinter-communication between the cooling chambers and the fluid circuit5. In a fluid power transmitting device, a housing having a generallyradially extending outer wall, spaced vanes positioned in the housing,and liquid cooling chambers interposed between the outer wall and thespaced vanes.

6. In a fluid transmission, a housing having concentrically arrangedcorrugations, a power transmitting fluid circuit including a pluralityof liquid deflecting vanes providing relatively smooth internalsurfaces, and liquid cooling chambers between said corrugations andinternal surfaces having communication with the power transmitting fluidcircuit between the vanes.

7. In a fluid transmission, a housing having concentrically disposedcorrugations, spaced vanes positioned in the housing having flangeswelded to the corrugations whereby liquid cooling chambers are formedbetween the corrugations and flanges.

JOSEPH JANDASEK.

